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Moving beyond personal finance, this lesson covers the vocabulary of investment portfolios, macroeconomic indicators, and corporate financial analysis.
Why this matters This lesson connects directly to your progress: it covers investment and risk vocabulary; macroeconomics and indicators; corporate finance and markets. Mastering this content lets you move forward confidently, and reinforces patterns you'll use again later. Take time to review every example before moving to the assessment — repetition is what actually locks knowledge in long-term.
01
The goals of this lesson.
02
You already know basic economic vocabulary. This lesson takes you into markets, risk, and macroeconomics — the language used in financial analysis.
03
Terms for discussing portfolios, diversification, and risk management.
Examples
04
Vocabulary for interpreting economic news: GDP, inflation, unemployment, and monetary policy.
Examples
05
Terms for company financial analysis and market behavior.
Examples
06
Read the text and answer the questions. You can try as many times as you want.
The analyst reviewed the quarterly earnings report, which exceeded expectations despite market volatility. "Our portfolio is diversified across several asset classes," she explained, "which helped us hedge against the recent currency fluctuations."
She noted that the Federal Reserve's decision to raise interest rates affected bond prices, but the company's strong balance sheet and healthy liquidity ratio provided stability. "We're monitoring inflation closely," she added, "but overall, our risk tolerance and asset allocation strategy are working well."
1. How did the quarterly earnings report perform?
2. Why is the portfolio diversified?
3. What did the Federal Reserve do?
4. What provided stability for the company?
5. What is the analyst monitoring closely?
💪 You're reading financial news like a professional now! Review this lesson, or continue to the Advanced level.
07
A second reading, a bit longer. Read it and answer the questions below.
An analyst met with a client to review her portfolio after a period of high volatility. “Your asset allocation is a bit too concentrated in tech,” she explained. “We should diversify to hedge against another downturn.”
The client was nervous, since her stocks had taken a hit last month. “Should we play it safe?” she asked. The analyst suggested adding dividend-paying stocks and bonds, explaining that the market had likely already priced in a small rate hike, and that the Federal Reserve was expected to hold steady for now.
1. Why did the analyst meet with the client?
2. What was the problem with the client's asset allocation?
3. Why did the analyst suggest diversifying?
4. What happened to the client's stocks last month?
5. What did the analyst say about the Federal Reserve?
08
Tap a term on the left, then tap its matching definition on the right. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
Term
Definition
09
Usa las pistas para completar cada palabra en inglés. Sin calificar — repite las veces que quieras.
10
The essentials of this lesson, summarized.
11
Key terms to remember.
a collection of investments held by a person or fund
Collocations: diversified portfolio, portfolio manager, portfolio of assets
relating to the US central banking system
Collocations: Federal Reserve, federal funds rate, federal policy
to require something for financial protection
Collocations: need to hedge, dire need, needs assessment
a share of ownership in a company
Collocations: stock price, undervalued stock, buy stock
how easily assets can be turned into cash
Collocations: liquidity ratio, lack of liquidity, improve liquidity
examining data carefully to understand it
Collocations: analyzing data, analyzing trends, currently analyzing
to spread investments across different assets
Collocations: diversify a portfolio, diversify across, fail to diversify
how much and how quickly prices change
Collocations: market volatility, high volatility, reduce volatility
a payment made to shareholders from profits
Collocations: pay a dividend, dividend yield, quarterly dividend
an investment made to reduce risk
Collocations: hedge against, natural hedge, hedge fund
how investments are divided among asset types
Collocations: asset allocation strategy, shift asset allocation, optimal allocation
periods when prices are rising / falling
Collocations: enter a bear market, bull market rally, bear market conditions
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Expressions analysts and investors use when discussing markets and portfolios.
13
Tap the words in the correct order to form the sentence. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
14
Tap the correct verb form to complete each sentence. The other options are conjugations from other tenses — on purpose, so you learn to tell them apart.
Our tolerance determines our asset allocation
The Reserve raised interest rates again this quarter
Bond tend to fall when interest rates rise
Dividend have remained stable this year
Our is diversified across several asset classes
15
Listen to the full dialogue with the speaker buttons first, then fill in the missing words from this lesson's real conversation. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
Is this a time to in bonds?
It depends on your risk tolerance — bond prices to as rates rise.
16
You need at least 80% to unlock the next lesson. You can retake it as many times as you want — your best score is saved.
1. Select the correct match for: "We're monitoring inflation closely before making decisions."
2. Select the correct match for: "Unemployment figures came in lower than expected."
3. Select the correct match for: "Credit ratings agencies downgraded the country's debt."
4. "We diversify to minimize risk while maximizing returns." — which one is correct?
5. Select the correct match for: "Market volatility increased after the announcement."
6. "We need to calculate the net present value of this project." — which one is correct?
7. What does this mean: "Bond prices tend to fall when interest rates rise."?
8. "We need to hedge against currency fluctuations." — which one is correct?
9. "The central bank's policy affects borrowing costs nationwide." — which one is correct?
10. Select the correct match for: "The quarterly earnings report exceeded analyst expectations."
Review — Lesson 65 What matches: "Look, I get where you're coming from, but here's the thing."?
Review — Lesson 65 What matches: "No offense, but I think there's a better way to do this."?
17
You now discuss markets and risk. Next lesson: capital markets and macroeconomic policy at an institutional level.
18
Practice this lesson's vocabulary with a word search and flashcards. Ungraded — play as many times as you like.
Tap the first and last letter of a hidden word to find it. Los términos de varias palabras van sin espacios en el tablero (ej. "give up" aparece como GIVEUP).
Elige la respuesta correcta. Si aciertas, la tarjeta queda lista por hoy; si fallas, vuelve a aparecer pronto para reforzarla. Tu progreso se guarda en este dispositivo.