Talk about how the past could have been different: the Third Conditional.

Welcome to B2! The third conditional talks about hypothetical situations in the past that didn't happen — imagining a different outcome. It's formed with "if" + past perfect, and "would have" + past participle.

Why this matters This lesson connects directly to your progress: it covers form: if + past perfect, would have + past participle; negative conditions, results, and questions; reflecting on the past and expressing regret. Mastering this content lets you move forward confidently, and reinforces patterns you'll use again later. Take time to review every example before moving to the assessment — repetition is what actually locks knowledge in long-term.

01

What will you be able to do?

The goals of this lesson.

02

Before you start

You already know the Second Conditional for hypothetical present/future situations. This lesson moves that into the past: the Third Conditional, for imagining how the past could have been different.

03

Form: if + past perfect, would have + past participle

Both clauses look back at an imagined alternative to something that already happened. Nothing here describes reality — it's entirely hypothetical.

PartFormExample
If clausehad + past participleIf I had studied,
Result clausewould have + past participleI would have passed.

Examples

If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Form
If she had left earlier, she wouldn't have missed the flight.
Form
If we had known about the traffic, we would have taken another route.
Form
If he had asked for help, he would have finished on time.
Form
If they had saved more money, they would have bought the house.
Form
If I had seen you, I would have said hello.
Form

04

Negative conditions, results, and questions

Either clause can be negative, and questions move "would" before the subject, just like the other conditionals.

Examples

If it hadn't rained, we would have gone to the beach.
Negative condition
If she hadn't called, I wouldn't have known about the meeting.
Negative condition
I wouldn't have finished if you hadn't helped me.
Negative result
We wouldn't have won if he hadn't scored that goal.
Negative result
What would you have done if you had lost your job?
Question
Would she have come if you had invited her?
Question

05

Reflecting on the past and expressing regret

This is the tense of "what if" — reflecting on decisions, missed opportunities, and things that could have gone differently.

Examples

If I hadn't met my wife, my life would have been completely different.
Reflecting on the past
If I had chosen a different career, I would have traveled more.
Reflecting on the past
If we had moved to another city, things might have been easier.
Reflecting on the past
If he had listened to his doctor, he wouldn't have gotten sick.
Regret
If I had known that earlier, I would have made a different decision.
Regret
If she had practiced more, she would have played better in the match.
Regret
If they had checked the weather, they wouldn't have gotten wet.
Regret
If I had taken that job offer, my career would look very different now.
Reflecting on the past
If we had left on time, we wouldn't have missed the beginning of the movie.
Regret
If you had told me sooner, I could have helped you prepare.
Regret

06

Reading

Read the text and answer the questions. You can try as many times as you want.

Looking back, Marco often wonders how his life would have turned out differently. If he hadn't dropped out of his engineering program, he would have become an architect, like he always dreamed. If he had stayed in his hometown, he probably wouldn't have met his current business partner.

If they hadn't started their small company together, they wouldn't have built the successful business they run today. Marco says that if he had known things would work out this well, he wouldn't have worried so much during those uncertain early years.

1. What would Marco have become if he hadn't dropped out?

2. What would have happened if he had stayed in his hometown?

3. What did Marco and his partner build together?

4. How did Marco feel during the early years of the business?

5. What does Marco say now, looking back?

07

Fill in the Blanks

Usa las pistas para completar cada palabra en inglés. Sin calificar — repite las veces que quieras.

08

Key Points

The essentials of this lesson, summarized.

09

Vocabulary in This Lesson

Key terms to remember.

studied
verb (past participle)

devoted time and effort to learning about a subject

"If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam."

Collocations: studied hard, studied abroad, well-studied

Traducciónestudiado
left
verb (past participle)

went away from a place or departed

"If she had left earlier, she wouldn't have missed the flight."

Collocations: left behind, left for good, left early

Traducciónsalido, dejado
known
verb (past participle)

was aware of or had information about something

"If we had known about the traffic, we would have taken another route."

Collocations: widely known, known for, make known

Traducciónconocido, sabido
asked
verb (past participle)

requested information or help from someone

"If he had asked for help, he would have finished on time."

Collocations: asked for, asked around, asked politely

Traducciónpedido, preguntado
saved
verb (past participle)

kept money instead of spending it, or rescued something

"If they had saved more money, they would have bought the house."

Collocations: saved up, saved for later, saved the day

Traducciónahorrado, salvado
seen
verb (past participle)

perceived something with the eyes, or experienced it

"If you had seen the movie, you would understand the reference."

Collocations: rarely seen, seen before, clearly seen

Traducciónvisto

10

Build the Sentence

Tap the words in the correct order to form the sentence. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.

11

Choose the Correct Verb

Tap the correct verb form to complete each sentence. The other options are conjugations from other tenses — on purpose, so you learn to tell them apart.

If I had you I would have said hello

If we had on time we wouldn't have missed the beginning of the movie

If I met my wife my life would have been completely different

We have won if he hadn't scored that goal

I have finished if you hadn't helped me

13

Assessment

You need at least 80% to unlock the next lesson. You can retake it as many times as you want — your best score is saved.

1. Which option matches: "What would you have done if you had lost your job?"?

2. Choose the equivalent of: "I wouldn't have finished if you hadn't helped me."

3. Which option matches: "If I had taken that job offer, my career would look very different now."?

4. "If we had left on time, we wouldn't have missed the beginning of the movie." — which one is correct?

5. Which option matches: "If he had listened to his doctor, he wouldn't have gotten sick."?

6. Which option matches: "If we had moved to another city, things might have been easier."?

7. Choose the equivalent of: "If it hadn't rained, we would have gone to the beach."

8. "If we had known about the traffic, we would have taken another route." — which one is correct?

9. What does this mean: "Would she have come if you had invited her?"?

10. Select the correct match for: "If you had told me sooner, I could have helped you prepare."

Review — Lesson 40 What matches: "This is the house that my grandfather built."?

Review — Lesson 40 What matches: "The car which broke down is finally fixed."?

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Summary and next step

You now imagine alternate pasts with the Third Conditional (If I had known...). Next lesson: the Future Continuous and Future Perfect, for talking about the future with more precision.

🗣️ Practice out loud

Use the conversational tutor to practice this topic.

Open the tutor

15

Games

Practice this lesson's vocabulary with a word search and flashcards. Ungraded — play as many times as you like.

Word Search

Tap the first and last letter of a hidden word to find it. Los términos de varias palabras van sin espacios en el tablero (ej. "give up" aparece como GIVEUP).

Flashcards

Elige la respuesta correcta. Si aciertas, la tarjeta queda lista por hoy; si fallas, vuelve a aparecer pronto para reforzarla. Tu progreso se guarda en este dispositivo.

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