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Nivel A1.1 — IdentidadNivel A1.2 — Rutinas y entornoNivel A2.1 — Contando el mundoNivel A2.2 — Comparando y proyectandoIntermedio · B1–B2
Level B1.1 — Connecting experiencesLevel B1.2 — Narrating and describingLevel B2.1 — ArguingLevel B2.2 — Nuance Current levelProfesional / Avanzado · C1–C2
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Career Track BusinessCareer Track Economics and FinanceCareer Track Business AdministrationCareer Track Information Systems EngineeringCareer Track Educational SciencesCareer Track Medicine and Health SciencesCareer Track Tourism and HospitalityCareer Track Occupational Health and SafetyCareer Track Legal EnglishParticiple clauses let you combine two related ideas into one elegant sentence, without repeating the subject or using a conjunction. They're very common in written English — news articles, novels, and formal writing.
Why this matters This lesson connects directly to your progress: it covers -ing clauses: active meaning; -ed clauses: passive meaning; having + past participle: sequence. Mastering this content lets you move forward confidently, and reinforces patterns you'll use again later. Take time to review every example before moving to the assessment — repetition is what actually locks knowledge in long-term.
01
The goals of this lesson.
02
You already know relative clauses with "who"/"which". This lesson gives you a more compact, formal alternative: participle clauses ("Feeling tired, she left early").
03
Use the -ing form when the subject is doing the action — it can express a reason, a simultaneous action, or a general fact.
| Two sentences | Combined with -ing clause |
|---|---|
| She felt tired. She went to bed. | Feeling tired, she went to bed. |
Examples
04
Use the past participle (-ed form, or irregular equivalent) when the subject receives the action, rather than doing it — this carries a passive meaning.
| Two sentences | Combined with -ed clause |
|---|---|
| The novel was written in 1950. It's still popular. | Written in 1950, the novel is still popular. |
Examples
05
"Having" + past participle emphasizes that one action was completed before the second one started — a clear sequence.
Examples
06
Read the text and answer the questions. You can try as many times as you want.
Having worked in journalism for over twenty years, Marina decided to write a book about her experiences. Inspired by the stories she had covered, she wanted to share what she had learned with a wider audience.
Written over the course of two years, the book explores themes of courage and resilience. Surprised by its success, Marina now travels the world giving talks. Not expecting such a reception, she says the experience has completely changed her perspective on her career.
1. How long did Marina work in journalism?
2. What inspired her to write the book?
3. How long did it take her to write the book?
4. What does Marina do now?
5. How did she feel about the book's success?
💪 Having reached this point, you're writing with real elegance. Review this lesson, or continue building your fluency!
07
Usa las pistas para completar cada palabra en inglés. Sin calificar — repite las veces que quieras.
08
The essentials of this lesson, summarized.
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Key terms to remember.
experiencing a physical or emotional state
Collocations: feeling tired, feeling confident, feeling of
moving on foot
Collocations: walking distance, walking around, keep walking
used to show an action completed before another
Collocations: having done, having said that, having considered
being aware of information
Collocations: knowing that, without knowing, knowing full well
becoming aware of something
Collocations: realizing that, upon realizing, slowly realizing
doing a job or task
Collocations: working from home, working together, hard-working
10
Tap the words in the correct order to form the sentence. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
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Tap the correct verb form to complete each sentence. The other options are conjugations from other tenses — on purpose, so you learn to tell them apart.
Having the bus she had to take a taxi
Written 1950 the novel is still popular today
Walking the street I saw an old friend
Having his homework he went outside to play
Having enough money they finally bought their first house
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Listen to the full dialogue with the speaker buttons first, then fill in the missing words from this lesson's real conversation. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
Why did the party so early?
Feeling exhausted, she decided to
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You need at least 80% to unlock the next lesson. You can retake it as many times as you want — your best score is saved.
1. Select the correct match for: "Surrounded by tall mountains, the village felt isolated."
2. "Written in 1950, the novel is still popular today." — which one is correct?
3. Select the correct match for: "Standing at the top of the mountain, we could see the entire valley."
4. "Having saved enough money, they finally bought their first house." — which one is correct?
5. "Made from recycled materials, the product is environmentally friendly." — which one is correct?
6. What does this mean: "Left alone in the house, the dog began to bark."?
7. "Having lived in three countries, she speaks four languages fluently." — which one is correct?
8. What does this mean: "Having finished his homework, he went outside to play."?
9. Select the correct match for: "Confused by the instructions, many students asked questions."
10. What does this mean: "Delighted with the results, the team celebrated together."?
Review — Lesson 47 What matches: "I wish I had more free time."?
Review — Lesson 47 What matches: "We wish we spoke better English."?
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You now write compact participle clauses. Next lesson: essential business idioms and phrasal verbs for the real workplace.
15
Practice this lesson's vocabulary with a word search and flashcards. Ungraded — play as many times as you like.
Tap the first and last letter of a hidden word to find it. Los términos de varias palabras van sin espacios en el tablero (ej. "give up" aparece como GIVEUP).
Elige la respuesta correcta. Si aciertas, la tarjeta queda lista por hoy; si fallas, vuelve a aparecer pronto para reforzarla. Tu progreso se guarda en este dispositivo.